Table 11 Model selection and parameter estimation
From: Forecasting CO2 emissions in BRICS countries using the grey breakpoint prediction models
Country | Model | t | a | b | c | \(\varepsilon\) | \(\alpha\) | \(\beta\) | MAPE (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | NOGBPM | 7 | − 0.0580 | 410.7741 | 157.8596 | 0.0750 | 0.5366 | 0.3082 | 2.1755 |
Russia | NOGBPM | 5 | − 0.0207 | 1931.1110 | 48.4874 | 0.0151 | 0.7619 | 0.0000 | 1.4638 |
India | NOGBPM | 10 | − 0.0480 | 1714.2483 | 821.2520 | 0.0423 | 0.4830 | 0.0000 | 1.7543 |
China | AGBPM | 7 | − 0.0333 | 9105.6289 | – | 0.0132 | 0.3117 | 0.7061 | 1.5060 |
South Africa | NGBPM | 6 | 0.0040 | 503.2481 | − 8.5702 | – | 1.0000 | 0.3195 | 2.6125 |