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Table 3 Coefficient estimates

From: Forecasting CO2 emissions in BRICS countries using the grey breakpoint prediction models

Model

Coefficient estimates

GM

a = − 0.0043, b = 2006.2633

FGM

r = 1, a = − 0.0043, b = 2006.2633

GBPM

t = 7, a = − 0.0042, b = 2015.7876, c = − 16.8144

OGBPM

t = 7, a = − 0.0042, b = 2015.7876, ε = − 0.0108, c = − 203.2097

NOGBPM

t = 5, a = − 0.0207, b = 1931.0668, ε = 0.0130, c = 25.9718, α = 0.7619, β = 0

NGBPM

t = 3, a = − 0.0032, b = 1978.1822, c = 43.0684, α = 1, β = 0.9417

AGBPM

t = 5, a = − 0.0148, b = 1968.7888, ε = 0.0085, α = 0.6928, β = 0